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right of way
Right of way is a term used to describe "the legal right, established by usage or grant, to pass along a specific route through grounds or property belonging to another", or "a path or thoroughfare subject to such a right".〔''New Oxford American Dictionary''.〕 A further definition is that it is a type of easement granted or reserved over the land for transportation purposes, this can be for a highway, public footpath, railway, canal, as well as electrical transmission lines, oil and gas pipelines.〔Henry Campbell Black, "(Right-of-way )", ''Black's Law Dictionary'' (West Publishing Co., 1910), p. 1040.〕
As well this phrase describes "the legal right of a pedestrian, vehicle, or ship to proceed with precedence over others in a particular situation or place",〔''New Oxford American Dictionary''〕 and in hiking etiquette, where when two groups of hikers meet on a steep trail, a custom has developed in some areas whereby the group moving uphill has the right of way.
The right of way may be limited. When one person owns a piece of land which is bordered on all sides by lands owned by others, a court will be obliged to grant that person a right of way.
In some countries, especially in Northern Europe, where the freedom to roam has historically taken the form of general public rights, a right of way may not be restricted to specific paths or trails. A similar right of access also exists on some public land in the United States and in Canada, Australia and New Zealand (where it is called Crown land).
==United Kingdom==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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